Lifecycle maps are high-level customer experience overviews that designers create to gain a holistic view of customers’ relationships with brands and to understand the purpose of each step to design for. Charting the lifecycle from brand awareness onward, these serve as zoomed-out guides that can reveal vital insights.
“Whenever an organization makes the transition from one lifecycle stage to the next, difficulties arise.”
— Ichak Adizes, Business consultant and developer of the Corporate Life Cycle Model
See how lifecycle maps can help you guide how your brand reaches, impresses and retains customers:
The relationships people have with brands resemble the lifecycle as envisioned by Ichak Adizes, who developed the model for corporations to track their own development. Essentially, this lifecycle is a peak-shaped curve with the following points that correspond to the human lifecycle: Birth, Infant, Teen, Growth, Prime, Retirement and Death. In service design, these points represent where your users—who, hopefully, convert to remain as loyal customers—are during their user journeys with your service.
Lifecycle maps are different deliverables from customer journey maps. Journey maps offer more detailed views of (e.g.) customer pain points at the various touchpoints they encounter on their way to getting what they want from your service. Lifecycle maps complement journey maps, and can provide a vital vantage point when you’re trying to design for the many variables that will decide if your customers fall in love with your service.
More precisely, lifecycle maps can help you:
Get inside your target market’s minds while keeping an eye on the big picture during—what can be—long and complex journeys. Since service design is all about omnichannel and aiming to design the best experiences for customers as they switch between channels and touchpoints, you’ll need to plan for the pitfalls and opportunities that arise as people interact with your service digitally (e.g., placing orders on their phones) and physically (e.g., receiving these at a store).
Spot disconnects in the customer lifecycle. For example, your service might accommodate users who love coffee and let them easily collect points they can use to buy other goods, perhaps even including some gamification aspects. But what happens, for example, when a user dies? Can their loved ones deactivate the account? What happens to their points?
Understand the customer experience holistically – so you have a guide that shows your team and stakeholders how the various steps combine to make the customer experience overall and leave lasting impressions.
© Frank Spillers and Experience Dynamics, adapted from Ichak Adizes, CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
Create these from your user research as zoomed-out views of where your customers are throughout the timeline from when they learn about, decide to become involved with and onward until they leave your brand. You’ll need to develop a solid understanding of your target service users (distilled as personas), what they stand to gain and lose (i.e., experience as pain points) and the value you can bring them.
Structure your map around the question “What is the customer doing (or trying to) at this stage of the lifecycle?” so you can envision the following:
Birth – You advertise (e.g., on social media) to prospective customers, who have a problem to solve or a need to fulfill.
Infant – You get them to start considering what your service offers. However, in their research they’ll also look at the solutions that other brands offer.
Teen – You manage to convince them to engage with your brand by making a commitment (e.g., they sign up for your health-promoting app).
Growth – You get them to start using your service as customers (e.g., they collect points by logging workout hours at participating gyms to use towards healthy meals at participating restaurants).
Prime – You make them (at least) satisfied or (hopefully) fall in love with your service. As they become more familiar with it and appreciate the results (e.g., they’re in better shape), they’ll start to turn into loyal customers.
Retirement – You retain these customers and continue to make them feel valued over time. They might start buying other services or items your brand offers since they trust it so much.
Death – They leave your service, ideally because it’s solved their problem, got them what or where they want and left them with deep positive impressions. They’re likely to buy from you again if the need arises.
Tips
Keep an eye on the risks at every stage: early “death” (i.e., churn) can cost you many customers long before the Death stage.
Retention is just as important as acquisition, so beware of what happens after the Prime stage as momentum might decay into disenchantment.
Overall, lifecycle maps should help you design how best to transition your customers from one lifecycle stage to the next. Remember to think beyond the series of tasks and objectives and aim higher, to accommodate customers at an emotional level throughout their relationship with your brand and the many turns and climbs on the way.
Take our Service Design course, which includes a lifecycle map template.
This blog from a senior design researcher and UX lead in the BBC explores helpful insights about lifecycle mapping.
Read this for useful insights into how lifecycle maps differ from journey maps.
Here’s the entire UX literature on Lifecycle Maps by the Interaction Design Foundation, collated in one place:
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